让我们一起学习家电中电子部分的要求吧

nellhu

广东安规检测
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今年的一个学习计划是加强自己电子部分的知识，目标是：能完全理解电子部分的要求，给出一些建议！我个人的能力有限，但是好在有专业人才可以帮助我。
* S' z6 q/ s6 O' \' s
我希望建立一个平台，大家一起学习，讨论和进步！
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* Z$ \3 t' W6 {) ]. u2 t' B所以，各位有什么问题可以提出来，如果是电路，尽量提供！我将尽力解答，如果不能解答的，我将咨询专家！

备注：在此不讨论EMC

nellhu

好像大家都没有兴趣，这样我来抛砖引玉！

Protective imdependance(保护阻抗）是我们经常看到的，但是你理解吗？
+ [+ E8 F9 N, X2 W' a; G7 N& m# q2 e
9 B' `" N. d0 h9 Y1 y1 Cdefinition:
protective impedance
( t; |' e6 c+ d1 O7 M; @# h) X$ rimpedance connected between live parts and accessible conductive parts of class II
% y# O# z9 K4 x" Z3 [* K: oconstructions so that the current, in normal use and under likely fault conditions in the
appliance, is limited to a safe value

8.1.4
) e4 B# e3 X- _8.1.4 An accessible part is not considered to be live if or
! [) e) z, `$ X' \, f# l– the part is separated from live parts by protective impedance.
If protective impedance is used, the current between the part and the supply source shall
not exceed 2 mA for d.c., its peak value shall not exceed 0,7 mA for a.c. and
/ \9 l* G" Z- m, P– for voltages having a peak value over 42,4 V up to and including 450 V, the capacitance
# d6 O6 ~1 h" i7 \shall not exceed 0,1 μF,
6 g) E- p' A* u% Q. z$ a– for voltages having a peak value over 450 V up to and including 15 kV, the discharge shall
not exceed 45 μC,
% p. `! D4 ^9 Z" S* d. y$ D9 ]' s# c– for voltages having a peak value over 15 kV, the energy in the discharge shall not exceed
; c9 s+ `7 U- ~" q350 mJ.
) ~' z1 n3 t* z7 QCompliance is checked by measurement, the appliance being supplied at rated voltage.
" F, I2 n+ Y7 K9 FVoltages and currents are measured between the relevant parts and each pole of the supply
source. Discharges are measured immediately after the interruption of the supply. The
0 e- s% G' N4 G$ u8 e# q5 {quantity of electricity and energy in the discharge is measured using a resistor having a
nominal non-inductive resistance of 2 000 Ω.
" A+ }: o' D4 _( g' |
9 `  X0 P8 O7 h( v4 Q2 cCl13.1
Protective impedance and radio interference filters are disconnected before carrying out the
tests.

Cl16.1
Protective impedance is disconnected from live parts before carrying out the tests.
9 U* U: Y5 d4 Y$ i. f
* b: M4 E% c  ]& y* MCl22.27
22.27 Parts connected by protective impedance shall be separated by double insulation
or reinforced insulation.
Compliance is checked by the tests specified for double insulation or reinforced insulation
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5 f  t% W7 n/ o8 A9 h6 @Cl22.37
6 q- h2 W# O+ U% ]7 x6 _8 E& m22.37 For class II appliances, capacitors shall not be connected to accessible metal parts
1 |7 U5 g& @4 [) p; v& J$ G8 aand their casings, if of metal, shall be separated from accessible metal parts by
supplementary insulation.
This requirement does not apply to capacitors complying with the requirements for protective
$ W; g: Y7 N6 f( |' b4 a& T! fimpedance specified in 22.42.
% @0 C, l# V  P' y& t5 i$ d
Cl22.42
* V2 U# n/ F) z22.42 Protective impedance shall consist of at least two separate components whose
8 {4 M2 w, N9 I5 I6 [/ q, A# Zimpedance is unlikely to change significantly during the lifetime of the appliance. If any one of
the components is short-circuited or open-circuited the values specified in 8.1.4 shall not be
. @9 F5 |2 P5 R' v* H) n7 B0 ?exceeded.
) D/ o' H3 u6 q4 u% u1 l1 _, NNOTE Resistors complying with test a) of subclause 14.1 of IEC 60065 and class Y capacitors complying with
IEC 60384-14 are considered to be components having a sufficiently stable impedance.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by measurement.

; {& s$ B" J; c  b, z' i2 U8 d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
这么多的要求中，你碰到过什么样的案例？是怎样评估和解决的？ 一起拿出来分享吧！

nellhu

案例1：

带有离子发生器的产品，大家接触过吗？ 比如风筒，直发器等！ 在安规中，该部件怎样评估？
3 M0 }( |8 v  _' L9 V假定该负离子没有认可，在实际的产品中怎样评估？ 那些条款需要考虑？
/ ]5 o: @0 L% A# Y+ b; E" d如果该元件已经认可了，我们又该怎样看？

已经认可的情况比较简单，看power 等参数就可以是否适用。没有认可的情况，我们需要考虑：
3 j, Y. M: D8 j$ M" H1。 将该不部件当带电部件，则要要满足爬电距离和电气间隙的要求，可是通常这样的产品产生的高压高达数千V,这样爬电距离的要求都很高（几十mm).一般的产品在结构上很难满足。
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6 t! u' K; s8 w6 u  P2。 按照对Protective impedance 对该部件随机测试，则满足要求
a.   8.1.4
3 i' O& a# }$ n" M2 ]  b. 22.42
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4 p& b9 {; ]5 ^$ C$ k7 t4 Z( R8 k. s3。从电路上初步检查判定它是否符合基本要求，即：

1) 是否满足22.42的要求，看图1

7 X$ R; l& T; h# y) o* M2) 怎样看该电路，哪两个元件作Protective impedance ?

再看以下的电路，和上面一个相比，哪个可能满足22.42的要求？

weldo

这样就OK？

nellhu

3。 针对13和16章中，提到的断开保护阻抗和无线电干扰滤波器，你有留意到吗？ 下面的电路的产品怎样测量泄漏电流？

nellhu

没有人看得话，我就停止了！

蓝紫娴

支持支持，楼主一定要坚持啊，我觉得电子线路这块是比较难懂，我希望从中多学点知识，加油加油。。。。

jiang2007

电子部分在学习中，楼主多说些。

william.ye

哈哈
大家都不是很懂这个
虽然我是学电子的
& s( E1 o/ L& y2 r" {5 }4 ~. T但是看上去还是有点吃力的

03411007

做结构的  支持下