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[玩具标准] ISO8124

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楼主
发表于 2012-11-3 09:11 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 哥哥在家 于 2012-11-3 09:29 编辑 8 Q; M: B+ `% a& u7 Y
0 v7 N, ]5 B8 h3 h; b/ c- s( w6 B; J
ISO 8124-1 AMD-2 2011 Draft
- t9 l/ v. `) b% e+ N# t' p5 dISO 8124-1 AMD-1 2011 Draft3 A- ?6 V) g7 r* `

% ~5 f% `. m7 h

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沙发
发表于 2012-11-4 18:52 | 只看该作者
期待正式版! ISO 8124-1:2012, j# D6 m* D% m! c/ }. U
http://www.iso.org/iso/home/stor ... .htm?csnumber=62327
板凳
发表于 2012-11-8 16:47 | 只看该作者
更新哪些内容呀?
地板
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:51 | 只看该作者
Contents Page! _& R1 f1 J, N; F$ T9 ^3 b
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................3
8 z% R) p6 e" |4 D! [2 E2 \7 O4 Requirements........................................................................................................................................3/ p/ a0 e) S2 o& L
4.30 Magnets and magnetic components....................................................................................................35 C/ k" U* m; l. k5 {
4.30.1 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years......................................3' ^& f+ w8 R8 e2 P$ n! T" \
4.30.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years..........4& r# G5 Z  ^0 S8 K. J. D3 g0 @
5 Test methods.........................................................................................................................................4* B' m2 R4 M: w: i
5.31 Tension test for magnets......................................................................................................................5
" V' H. U5 ]/ j5.31.2 Toys with magnet(s) or magnetic component(s)..................................................................................5
% p* f+ Q; E, L( _- |  K) K7 Z! R' M5.31.3 Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component...............................................54 V# Q2 s# O; a" W1 N
5.31.4 Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component.............................................5
4 `4 k- Z2 p5 \/ E5.32 Magnetic flux index...............................................................................................................................6& F: `+ k* }' ?! L
5.32.1 Principle.................................................................................................................................................6
/ L( i9 b- C! d+ q" r) X5.32.2 Apparatus ..............................................................................................................................................6' E2 N: e! f+ G/ [6 e& d1 D
5.32.3 Procedure ..............................................................................................................................................6
4 A- l; v  f/ G, A- v" ^5.32.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index ......................................................................................................7& }$ X' f" C3 ~& R' k5 _* M
5.33 Cycling ...................................................................................................................................................7. V# n; _$ s( X. x; R
5.34 Impact test for magnets ........................................................................................................................7" k! z$ I  o4 A% D
5.35 Soaking test for magnets......................................................................................................................71 j" m$ |% e' p4 v& p2 _0 q5 ?$ z
B.2.21 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets for children over 8 years ......................................................8( ]- O9 D$ G* I  C! ^+ X" d5 l
E.44 Magnets .................................................................................................................................................8

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5#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:52 | 只看该作者
3 Terms and definitions" A+ R  k) O" e7 ?+ A
Add the following definitions:
  O0 p* t7 x# u' O3.xx% E/ P1 t+ M  S* \" Q- R* s# U
magnetic component- W, C9 W* S: a6 G* u( K
any part of a toy which contains an attached or fully or partially enclosed magnet
  b& b5 r) ~7 o- w3.yy
: w- {& h2 G/ g$ q0 |! k/ Kmagnetic/electrical experimental set: i3 c: q: A$ ~) b* H
toy containing one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational experiments involving both
% h7 l& ?+ t/ l2 jmagnetism and electricity! R9 U: E- s6 w5 o" k3 J' i8 M
3.zz
( \0 M' |( W& |/ ~/ K& J, Mfunctional magnet in electrical or electronic components of toys/ t% |% r' J$ B  j) F1 O  W
any magnet necessary for the function of motors, relays, speakers and other electrical or electronic9 E% K! b5 u6 b1 i# v& J) J
components in a toy where the magnetic properties are not part of the play pattern of the toy" Q9 n5 e  h2 R  K. n0 Y& o9 \
4 Requirements
1 Z0 V2 W# s& o5 G& x* SAdd the following requirements:+ L7 A- {- Y8 i$ u8 W4 K1 Z5 }+ v0 J
4.30 Magnets and magnetic components
; f" Z" K- P0 O7 z* {8 S5 i, l6 uSee Clause E.44.
0 v1 [- T: z( E3 `1 e4.30.1 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years! f$ f. X, z4 \% H2 Y8 O* j
Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children 8 years and over that contain magnetic) |7 Z  G- n7 a+ J3 N$ _
components shall carry a warning (see B.2.21 for guidance) if they both:5 V8 t6 p7 I1 T/ O
- have a magnetic flux index greater than 50kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 5.32 (magnetic
1 n  I; W7 U! o" \6 z3 J4 u! `# t0 ~* jflux index)& O% Q3 S9 Z! F, Y* N
- fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to clause 5.2 (small parts test)0 N2 Q, B& V, E6 ^$ I- d! T
NOTE Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children under 8 years shall comply with the requirements in
# }8 u3 M! D5 x' X6 F% T$ {, g. w4 l4.30.2 (toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets).% z$ V2 n8 K- z* b- z& N9 o
These requirements do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys.
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:53 | 只看该作者
4.30.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years5 J. i3 q5 F5 R' S: i
a) Any loose as received magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) shall either have a magnetic flux index less
& o) J9 S' @& K' h4 H0 d, zthan 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested in accordance with 5.32 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit, k" N  w# Z0 s9 A) p
entirely in the cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).
/ C. G  Q  Y8 _, qb) Wooden toys, toys intended to be used in water and mouth pieces of mouth-actuated toys with magnets
9 D# ~$ a& r, G) wor magnetic components shall be tested in in accordance with 5.35 (soaking test for magnets) before
' h/ m$ L! m- ^1 zbeing tested in accordance with 4.30.2 c) below.
  K* D: D. R; ]: u* f7 Wc) The following tests shall be carried out in the prescribed order on all unique magnetic component(s). The
8 S3 d. A  ~8 c- N0 }components used for this testing shall not have been previously subjected to normal use and reasonably
* o$ G5 b' E* i  m9 Y4 B- |2 Lforeseeable abuse tests. Any magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) that become liberated from a toy, or
3 F' k% c" x% o9 }4 ^from a loose as received magnetic component shall either – when tested according to the tests listed3 ?5 e4 ^9 K- u3 W) \% X6 }
below - have a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested in accordance with
$ W4 P$ N4 O- T" ]- Q4 f5 p9 x5.32 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 5.2 (small parts
8 C. ?% U# M  M3 z: ~7 etest).. P+ Z+ U3 q" y: l  J0 g/ ]
⎯ 5.33 (cycling)
) i- E5 i3 E% q⎯ 5.24.2 (drop test) or if applicable, 5.24.3 (tip over test for large and bulky toys)
4 {' S3 k) A/ _& I* }⎯ 5.24.5 (torque test)
: b) q0 I) k5 v$ v2 z7 }) e  {⎯ 5.24.6.1 (tension test, general procedure)
1 z5 Y: J# u- f9 z9 W⎯ 5.24.6.2 (tension test for seams in soft-filled (stuffed) toys and beanbag-type toys), if applicable3 l( J, n8 j+ u: \! H2 _
⎯ 5.34 (impact test for magnets)
. \+ H0 Y5 y4 g⎯ 5.24.7 (compression test), for magnets that are accessible but cannot be grasped (as specified in
6 H: E, @) A( r; m' F3 k; c  |5.24.6.1 (general procedure)
* G4 V( R) W5 e' p! R" W% q$ Y⎯ 5.31 (tension test for magnets))
2 Y0 @# O9 i# H9 Q5 ZNOTES' m' O: ]0 e$ M& ]5 G* I! E
1 Examples of unique magnetic components are rods of different sizes or shapes containing magnets.: _0 Y8 V/ e6 G# U$ h
2 If the toy contains one magnet, the component holding the magnet is considered to be a unique component.9 h9 R: q* q$ n
3 An example of a magnet that is accessible but cannot be grasped is a magnet that is recessed.0 U+ ]; n4 h+ D4 J# h! N8 g
These requirements do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys4 y" C" ~# W, \& y3 j
5 Test methods
2 H- J7 d$ ?& ?8 H; }5 SReplace the second paragraph of clause 5.14 (impact test for toys that cover the face) with the following:
: n. Y! j8 s- D$ o- o- QDrop a steel ball of diameter (16 ± 0,15) mm and mass of (16,9 ± 0,7) g from a height of (130 ± 0,5) cm onto
! _# r+ ~. I  O9 D% O2 r/ c, n2 ]the horizontal upper surface of the toy in the area that would cover the eyes in normal use.
: t, B& w- S- hAdd the following new note to clause 5.24.1 (reasonably foreseeable abuse tests, general)
; Y9 u, Y2 g$ |# f9 mNOTE: The tests according to clause 4.30.2 are carried out in the order specified in the clause, on a toy or0 t+ ]5 F3 _& e' s& N7 f( [9 m
part of a toy that has not been previously tested according to this clause.
2 w% \$ ^* R+ S+ n, f3 g% l0 h: HAdd the following test methods:* M( k) O# G* K! B' ^
--`,`,``,,`,```,```,,````,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:53 | 只看该作者
5.31 Tension test for magnets  A! V9 ]4 \/ a) S/ P
See 4.30.2 c).1 O# _: K6 w+ {5 J
5.31.1 Principle! Z( T1 |4 O) Y; l. L/ H& s' B. ~, r5 B1 f
These tests simulate the intended or reasonably foreseeable play pattern. It is recognized that toys may
2 J+ f. l- k% c8 P6 X: ]contain a single magnet or a combination of magnets, magnetic components and/or metal mating parts and, y/ U; r. X9 s; P" W& D
the tests are designed to simulate a reasonably foreseeable play pattern using these components to attach- u" S" O2 X3 h+ ?* D
and detach the magnetic parts.
9 P1 h: x3 @) F1 VFor toys that contain more than one magnet/ magnetic component, the test specified in 5.31.2 (toys with: Z* I5 @1 K( a+ ~
magnet(s) or magnetic component(s)) shall be carried out unless it is not possible to perform the test without
) U% E3 D4 F1 A* s7 O3 B% \. J' {damaging the toy. In the latter case, the test shall be carried out using the reference disk, as described in: P) @/ U, [2 L  p
5.31.4 (toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component).
& q, B0 B! T5 G* c% zNOTE: An example of a case where it is not possible to perform the test in 5.31.2 with magnet(s) or magnetic6 V2 N: |7 t# f1 M/ y/ c  E' s
component(s) without damaging the toy, is a toy figurine with one accessible but non-graspable magnet in each foot.
- x3 f* T: @8 G+ ]( n# iToys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component shall be tested according to 5.31.3 (toys3 I2 \% u5 I2 y; t$ O5 E
that contain one magnet only and a mating metal part).1 Z' Q8 i2 }; \) r1 z& S+ Q3 ~
Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component, shall be tested according to 5.31.4 (toys
! _( E8 }& A* R: ^8 h( Athat contain one magnet only and no mating metal component), since this simulates a play pattern where the
2 R; E) x3 v# G, M: Z( ^toy is attached and detached to a surface that is not delivered with the toy.
8 T9 H0 S- X  @7 d6 f; W8 l# k# u5.31.2 Toys with magnet(s) or magnetic component(s), ~, T: X* c& n5 n+ e1 y  q
Identify the magnet or magnetic component in the toy that is most likely to be able to detach. The identified# T4 S3 {8 I9 q
magnet or magnetic component shall be subjected to the tension test for magnets.
6 T+ H: O3 H: _  m; Z/ w: ]* LIf it is not possible to determine which magnet or magnetic component(s) in the toy is most likely to be able to# N9 e2 q8 ]! y: Q' V+ |1 }
detach the magnet under test, it is permissible to repeat the test with another magnet or magnetic component3 W* {; N7 m# `/ M9 m/ s7 o$ C% l
from the toy.
( P; G( j) f9 U9 ?$ ^+ a, tWithout damaging the toy, place the magnet or magnetic component in the orientation of attraction, as close
7 O0 p4 Z; g" ]as possible, making contact if possible, to the magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the- @6 s! P7 @: i6 j# N: X' L2 ]
magnet/magnetic component until it separates from the magnet under test. Perform the test 10 times or until
+ b( A, m8 Q) W  ^+ n5 qthe magnet under test is detached from the toy, whichever occurs first.% X+ }& q0 D) x- P6 L/ @7 |
Repeat the procedure for any other magnet that in accordance with 4.31.2 (toys other than magnetic/electrical2 Y7 ?! }6 y* U( p6 P
experimental sets intended for children over 8 years) shall be subjected to the tension test for magnets.+ }, q! x4 h/ J9 z/ ~4 T# E$ O) S
5.31.3 Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component
, H. Y7 B+ x- E* n' DWithout damaging the toy, place the metal components as close as possible, making contact if possible, to the; h( o& m0 i# x: @4 [8 Y4 R
magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the metal component until it separates from the
  G: D6 q$ }8 S4 m! J& I; Imagnet under test. Perform the test 10 times or until the magnet under test is detached from the toy,5 I( G* h8 v5 Y) n- ~
whichever occurs first./ ]- B5 g& S" t2 j/ D# K2 c
5.31.4 Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component
; Q8 u7 u# J: r- P& f" q5.31.4.1 Apparatus9 i; t5 T7 I( U- \
Nickel disc with a minimum nickel content of 99 %, and having the following dimensions:. Z  i/ _1 ~5 a9 e& U* u# y
- diameter: (30 ± 0.5) mm
  ]; y; q, p3 {4 X' j- thickness: (10 ± 0.5) mm
8#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:53 | 只看该作者
5.31.4.2 Procedure" H2 D0 I$ {, x' q. m' r
Without damaging the toy, place the flat part of the disc as close as possible, making contact if possible, to the7 ^( C  _' R- q; t  O3 R
magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the disc until it separates from the magnet under test.' S9 x2 S+ ~$ S- K3 u$ o
Perform the test 10 times or until the magnet under test is detached from the toy, whichever occurs first.  l, g; F& U: z' c* B8 ]) X2 G& t
5.32 Magnetic flux index
* R, n" {, l, x* r" r% `- |See 4.30.1, 4.31.2 a) and c).6 Q+ a: t+ i# \2 c# [+ u9 @
5.32.1 Principle3 I6 N* r( ^% w" N# b6 E
The magnetic flux index is calculated based on the results from measurements of the flux density and the pole
+ o& K7 P  j) v0 ~7 asurface area.
1 i6 V9 K+ y4 D, W' D5.32.2 Apparatus
0 D0 ?* c; T! }( N, G5.32.2.1 Direct current field Gauss meter, capable of determining the field to an accuracy of 5 G.
# C2 X+ V" r0 E% @$ [The meter shall have an axial type probe with- B$ z, a/ J" _$ [( f9 y2 l, J4 a
- an active area diameter of (0,76 ± 0,13) mm7 X3 b3 I, G" i  b( Q! r/ t) x! m, M
- a distance between the active area and probe tip of (0,38 ± 0,13) mm
2 b5 Q5 [0 F& f/ y( {5.32.2.2 Calliper, or similar device with an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
, d( X& x; I, s+ [0 \: j* K4 v5.32.3 Procedure3 x/ n8 {& M7 ?8 A0 |
5.32.3.1 Measurement of flux density. v% t6 N, N! W% D
Identify the surface of the magnet that is the pole.
& _0 f6 q( ]( MPlace the tip of the Gauss meter probe in contact with the pole surface of the magnet. For a magnetic
+ ~3 W! B5 C. \) ?. Ocomponent (where the magnet is fully or partially imbedded in part of the toy), place the tip of the probe in; j. w" b+ u8 g: Y# d8 @
contact with the surface of the component.
% \5 s2 X8 l3 i' V7 ~$ @) V0 Q# v7 M/ hMaintain the probe in a position perpendicular to the surface.- \$ F0 |2 j/ d
Move the probe across the surface to locate the maximum absolute value of the flux density. Record the$ ~8 w( o7 N$ v# s& P. Z9 F
maximum absolute value of the flux density.3 D7 ]: L$ i2 l' m& w+ p! S
NOTE Since the meter can read both negative and positive values, the absolute value is used for calculations.
8 _# k7 S( F% x9 e4 K5.32.3.2 Measurement and calculation of the pole surface area9 e5 a) w6 u8 D6 O! }- m$ W4 a, z, ?# Y
If the magnet is imbedded/attached as part of a magnetic component, extract the magnet from the component,, t7 T) _9 i$ d( _$ ~1 X
even if it is necessary to break the toy.
6 O+ e, D7 k# i# ]4 v8 [( f( ]If the pole surface of the magnet is flat, measure the dimensions with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and calculate# h$ ~+ A+ J& f
the area using the appropriate geometric formula.
- P/ M+ ~. a: k/ MIf the pole is not flat, (for example hemispherical) measure the maximum diameter of the magnet6 |: d% s5 B+ [, F. p( [0 o, A* `
perpendicular to an axis through the magnetic poles (see Figure XX), with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and8 z4 G  u  s! z3 w0 v4 r+ o0 k
calculate the area of the corresponding cross section. For multi-pole magnets, measure and calculate the
) c3 V6 K5 R1 R8 S" S/ Y' Sarea of the largest single pole, which can be identified using magnetic field viewing film or equivalent.
9#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:54 | 只看该作者
NOTE An example of a multi-pole magnet is a rubberized/plastoferrite magnet, consisting of multiple strips or poles.
5 h0 X4 a) o/ @9 N( G) x, d: zFigure XX – Maximum diameter of magnet with a non-flat pole
9 C+ O  ]7 u& x/ k+ w7 [Key
; }3 W' h+ g- Z' f2 i+ x/ P2 O2 D6 ]% T1 maximum cross-section perpendicular to the axis! W* F( \* O; E- J7 d& Y2 I
2 axis through the magnet poles6 w# F3 q# I/ [3 f1 Z8 u
5.32.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index6 B9 K) u& Q6 F- K9 R1 q$ n
The flux index (kG2mm2) is calculated by multiplying the calculated area of the pole surface (mm2) of the
% y8 K  s; U' r# m! z4 `magnet by the square of the maximum flux density (kG2).' R% t) U; f- j, j2 \/ u
5.33 Cycling
4 N: p5 Q! \4 r. F$ R# zSee 4.32.2 c).
/ J; `. p. Q% i6 w6 y9 a: xTen cycles as described below, shall be performed on the as-received magnet(s) or magnetic component(s).1 l% H. |0 h6 |5 b  f, ]5 c3 O
The magnet or magnetic component shall be brought together to a distance that initiates magnetic attraction,
1 Y9 z! n/ a& ~$ |% u; W/ ?3 ?* ebe released, and then pulled apart to the distance where magnetic attraction ceases. Each attachment and  m5 Y2 d, T" }5 s% M& X
detachment shall count as one cycle. If no other magnets or magnetic components are provided with the toy,
0 U# P) ]; j) j6 L' q; nthe mating metal part or surface, according to the toy’s intended play pattern, shall be used for cycling2 Q6 L3 ~; ~% y4 M  |
purposes. If no other metal parts or surfaces are provided with the toy, the apparatus described in 5.31.4 shall9 u3 C3 A# u2 M3 x  I3 d7 S; ?
be used for cycling purposes.! E. m- i( G. Q2 \" k, a
5.34 Impact test for magnets+ G/ X+ i* @+ T' R- V
See 4.32.2 c).
, R0 S5 [$ ~$ R$ ~% zPlace the relevant component of the toy in the most onerous position on a plane horizontal steel surface and
) J% B4 N7 _! k2 r; f3 rdrop a metallic weight with a mass of (1 ± 0,02) kg, distributed over a diameter of (80 ± 2) mm, through a
3 E, ]6 a% ?7 Y/ ~/ T! l4 Cdistance of (100 ± 2) mm onto the toy.& d: P& L6 Q: |) [' `, o
Determine whether any liberated magnets or magnetic components fit entirely in the cylinder when tested in5 f; z4 W& M7 t2 f# C7 G. b
accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).
0 D9 |8 v5 z* d6 L. N) r! E" U/ }5.35 Soaking test for magnets
) X; I7 G7 e: u0 z8 W6 lSee 4.30.2 b).5 ~0 Y% U/ m" D, T/ x
Submerge the toy or toy component completely in a container of demineralised water at a temperature of (20
% x$ p% p2 t7 Z+ P' ]) }& L; d: w7 ~8 a± 5) °C for 4 min. Remove the toy, shake off the excess water and keep the toy at room temperature for 10" r' S! ~/ ^! i4 t
min.
8 j# v+ ~% h. w--`,`,``,,`,```,```,,````,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
10#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:54 | 只看该作者
Perform the soaking test for a total of four cycles.) _7 a0 B: b2 @3 q/ f$ c) [
Immediately after the last cycle, determine whether any liberated magnets or magnetic components fit entirely0 @5 j. q, o  ~* H7 D* B
in the cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).0 L4 l1 D9 _4 K
Annex B Labelling
0 o- P6 R: Q$ d4 o) oAdd the following clause:9 U2 z3 L1 s  g* V( \4 W
B.2.21 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets for children over 8 years: [" G- t% S! ~9 X0 W9 q  i+ H2 U
See 4.30.1 and E.44)- N. P2 V4 K1 p
The packaging and the instructions for use of magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children 89 M3 U6 ?! @- E
years of age or older shall carry a statement comparable or similar to the following." A$ f  I) ~! C4 ?
“WARNING! Not suitable for children under 8 years. This product contains (a) small magnet(s).
" {6 l0 I) s( }( Q& c8 xSwallowed magnets can stick together across intestines causing serious infections and death. Seek7 I4 C( s# P7 i; Q% M$ t( \# r
immediate medical attention if magnet(s) are swallowed or inhaled.”6 J) D0 X) v, B" q
Annex E Rationale
" N* ^; {# [  D. n$ ^/ f6 KAdd the following clause:
' v- a; R7 l  R& @/ nE.44 Magnets
" C4 X* O. C: h+ P+ u5 iSee 4.30.
: B1 n7 ?, m3 \2 u# _4 a  |These requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with ingestion of strong magnets (e.g.* _# o9 N4 a2 U9 x6 u& {
neodymium iron boron type magnets (“NIB”)), that are capable of causing intestinal perforation or blockage.  |; e7 I/ Z- K3 k. @7 ]
These hazards are additional to those associated with small parts such as suffocation or asphyxiation (see) f( K) o& g3 F
E.6). These requirements apply regardless of the age of the intended user.3 s. r3 I6 o3 ^- x" f+ [
Magnets found by children can be ingested. If more than one magnet, or one magnet and a ferromagnetic
5 v5 E- p0 ~, U7 j& i5 jobject (for example an iron or nickel object) is ingested, the objects can attract each other across intestinal
4 X! H* S, r) k0 m( lwalls and cause perforation or blockage, which can cause severe injuries that may be fatal.
! U$ O5 H3 p5 o8 B# tMultiple incidents, including at least one fatality, have been reported involving ingestion of magnets resulting( j5 n6 ?: N6 l2 g$ {  U5 i
in perforation or blockage of the intestines. These incidents have involved children younger and older than 3% L8 U3 P1 L1 y3 Z* i& J
years of age. Medical signs associated with intestinal perforation or blockage can easily be misinterpreted* v+ }" w+ X5 q  G
since many children exhibit only flu-like symptoms. Such misinterpretations have caused delays in the medical
9 ~$ N! O4 _& Q% H4 _treatment and led to serious consequences for children.( Z$ E- I1 K6 ~0 S5 m  J
For the purpose of this standard, magnets or magnetic components that could be ingested are identified using
$ A; K* X$ P7 t7 q$ h( q* V- ]the small parts cylinder. The small parts cylinder was originally designed to identify small parts in toys
  A% I& E: J  [8 |intended for children under 3 years of age, which are capable of causing suffocation or asphyxiation. It was
2 ]; O+ [5 v5 X) h6 a9 Lnot designed for identifying objects that can be ingested by older children. The decision to use the small parts
7 a7 m+ r# B- [# P/ L, b+ ~' Tcylinder also for assessment of magnets or magnetic components that can be ingested was made for practical
9 k) r( M6 G0 Q  h& J% k4 Y9 ureasons: The cylinder is a well known test template and it provides a safety margin since the magnets and: |3 W- [+ ^4 M( b' E
magnetic components that have been involved in incidents all fit into the cylinder with a large margin. This* f7 U7 X/ M. y* ~
same principle has been applied in the requirements for expanding materials.& t/ X' z( T6 h
The risk of magnets attracting each other across intestinal walls is a function of magnet strength. A limit value( y/ i4 u# D( Y$ }9 }6 A
in the form of a magnetic flux index has been introduced to define what a sufficiently weak magnet is. Analysis
. w* ^+ p# U% |1 H0 zof the data indicates that only the small, powerful NIB type magnets have been involved in the known% L" C( o" _) @3 ~; s
incidents. Further analysis has determined that magnets with a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5
2 z; h' `( h; K  F% j3 b' D; A--`,`,``,,`,```,```,,````,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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