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[玩具标准] ISO8124

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楼主
发表于 2012-11-3 09:11 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 哥哥在家 于 2012-11-3 09:29 编辑 4 t% o" L9 j8 x) ]4 Q# o

% C1 u8 q# N: Y1 M( i0 TISO 8124-1 AMD-2 2011 Draft- e; G# c/ d$ P
ISO 8124-1 AMD-1 2011 Draft& j0 P4 S5 o1 ^+ Q2 K; I
$ a5 g* i* ~  T; `2 z4 m9 A7 s/ k

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沙发
发表于 2012-11-4 18:52 | 只看该作者
期待正式版! ISO 8124-1:2012: C0 M7 j+ `# z  a
http://www.iso.org/iso/home/stor ... .htm?csnumber=62327
板凳
发表于 2012-11-8 16:47 | 只看该作者
更新哪些内容呀?
地板
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:51 | 只看该作者
Contents Page# F% L6 V6 f& U4 Q/ x0 c* P* Z
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................3+ Z! X* a) T4 ~# @& E! u
4 Requirements........................................................................................................................................3& l" d  Q: c8 `1 D6 Y* d% w7 U
4.30 Magnets and magnetic components....................................................................................................3
3 Z9 j' ~1 @0 t; q" R$ V4.30.1 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years......................................38 @$ y$ i  S7 ]3 M$ l6 x) }
4.30.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years..........4# i" [2 o: n2 S6 X8 [
5 Test methods.........................................................................................................................................4
/ F- Y4 ?6 b* m: i; t5.31 Tension test for magnets......................................................................................................................5
& [9 d! R0 Z# x1 ]+ U$ c5.31.2 Toys with magnet(s) or magnetic component(s)..................................................................................5
8 f9 J9 S8 T/ E( }0 F# ^5.31.3 Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component...............................................54 D) g+ J' j7 [! v
5.31.4 Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component.............................................54 n  b# Z& f" ~8 u' B, _) |; H9 q
5.32 Magnetic flux index...............................................................................................................................65 T" H' Q/ E4 e, M& l+ T
5.32.1 Principle.................................................................................................................................................6* `3 Q+ [$ `4 O  P7 N
5.32.2 Apparatus ..............................................................................................................................................6
6 o1 g7 {2 _& b0 O5.32.3 Procedure ..............................................................................................................................................6- x* R2 C7 P( K  o3 k
5.32.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index ......................................................................................................7
+ d: i0 ^  s' Y$ o9 `5.33 Cycling ...................................................................................................................................................7
) U6 p0 i, Z( Q5 K# r& H& h5.34 Impact test for magnets ........................................................................................................................7
$ A6 X3 S4 I; C/ j5.35 Soaking test for magnets......................................................................................................................7$ d$ D  }( ]/ |- R. J
B.2.21 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets for children over 8 years ......................................................8
) a5 x" D( A) F* V" nE.44 Magnets .................................................................................................................................................8

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5#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:52 | 只看该作者
3 Terms and definitions: d# N! v- i3 S' d, {- m0 W5 a* u* A
Add the following definitions:7 `+ [. h( s  |- R
3.xx/ e1 {6 T4 ^6 f$ a7 `, Q& L
magnetic component) C" i: z$ v+ }1 K1 w0 ^+ G
any part of a toy which contains an attached or fully or partially enclosed magnet* @* x8 ^( W/ {
3.yy
( {4 I; j0 P3 s/ L4 g3 m5 hmagnetic/electrical experimental set! \7 I3 t/ s0 o: Q4 M; E9 X
toy containing one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational experiments involving both
5 R1 N4 z+ J& Bmagnetism and electricity
1 O  ], n+ D* c" N3.zz
" ~6 s6 |& P7 n2 w3 ^* z8 V" Pfunctional magnet in electrical or electronic components of toys1 ^4 ^, p& b5 ?3 T  p* q+ `; _) C
any magnet necessary for the function of motors, relays, speakers and other electrical or electronic. @2 f+ |' G5 q$ }
components in a toy where the magnetic properties are not part of the play pattern of the toy
7 \4 H* z4 n4 `4 Requirements' N; e, ^$ I& J$ O/ E. U- s
Add the following requirements:
2 q+ L& w5 u& b" u8 }. `+ i. f0 r4.30 Magnets and magnetic components2 S2 D8 j6 `6 f+ B  }2 L
See Clause E.44.- l; K9 j! B! d3 J' u0 @
4.30.1 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years
8 n5 G' i$ M! F6 c- @6 FMagnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children 8 years and over that contain magnetic: f' @7 j! E5 q) Q% E7 k
components shall carry a warning (see B.2.21 for guidance) if they both:
5 g" Q: h5 _0 G5 x; U- have a magnetic flux index greater than 50kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 5.32 (magnetic4 |  C7 E# S2 Q" z4 T
flux index)
+ \- _' n( i  q) [- fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to clause 5.2 (small parts test)# {  c) N, n% r  Y+ r' o* B
NOTE Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children under 8 years shall comply with the requirements in
6 P0 B8 n+ O. b3 ?4.30.2 (toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets).4 a) R# ?& w# w5 W( O5 S2 t3 r
These requirements do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys.
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:53 | 只看该作者
4.30.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years
( a$ P9 e2 R+ Fa) Any loose as received magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) shall either have a magnetic flux index less
- s  o: H# h' G" N* x6 ^than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested in accordance with 5.32 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit/ U7 B! Q2 ~5 s2 A" \: F- i
entirely in the cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).
& q1 u, E5 S+ k6 z" E  F4 l/ rb) Wooden toys, toys intended to be used in water and mouth pieces of mouth-actuated toys with magnets
1 n0 d4 d+ o9 Z* Wor magnetic components shall be tested in in accordance with 5.35 (soaking test for magnets) before
" `( K! E$ V- b+ Z2 b" H, G2 i3 P) A  Wbeing tested in accordance with 4.30.2 c) below.
4 f) C; w1 l8 R* ^1 @' ac) The following tests shall be carried out in the prescribed order on all unique magnetic component(s). The  q+ @: S5 R( n/ b, X; d
components used for this testing shall not have been previously subjected to normal use and reasonably9 L0 N( l- m% ]9 C5 B$ q6 C
foreseeable abuse tests. Any magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) that become liberated from a toy, or2 s# K2 ?( ^  Q8 K. ^' u, A# H
from a loose as received magnetic component shall either – when tested according to the tests listed8 i& W: G7 \8 U7 h5 m- e# F: `
below - have a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested in accordance with/ w( P; _# [2 p3 b+ A- t
5.32 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 5.2 (small parts7 x! |# K+ d/ M6 H5 ^
test).  S$ P  k! s& i& d
⎯ 5.33 (cycling)
3 E, W8 W* a4 i3 S: _/ g; y7 ?0 F⎯ 5.24.2 (drop test) or if applicable, 5.24.3 (tip over test for large and bulky toys)
! y$ M, q) k1 u/ |) K⎯ 5.24.5 (torque test)
9 F/ d1 J3 _; |* v: Z$ i; J3 H  ?⎯ 5.24.6.1 (tension test, general procedure)
- u& I0 m' d8 O; x/ y  s⎯ 5.24.6.2 (tension test for seams in soft-filled (stuffed) toys and beanbag-type toys), if applicable% D% l! s* Z" L/ v$ R1 I; N$ b
⎯ 5.34 (impact test for magnets)" R& m& ]$ W2 i1 G8 G
⎯ 5.24.7 (compression test), for magnets that are accessible but cannot be grasped (as specified in4 E9 t( I( u+ f) s
5.24.6.1 (general procedure)/ t1 c3 e- @: i: P
⎯ 5.31 (tension test for magnets))
0 f8 m8 H7 R$ y9 NNOTES
, K4 P8 R8 T' C# z1 Examples of unique magnetic components are rods of different sizes or shapes containing magnets.0 P( |, E. [6 I% i5 R  L
2 If the toy contains one magnet, the component holding the magnet is considered to be a unique component.
8 t  l: ?: l/ [2 G3 v+ N! b3 An example of a magnet that is accessible but cannot be grasped is a magnet that is recessed." `. B0 r2 P9 Y
These requirements do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys8 h- A" Q& Z5 V; W% ?, g$ s8 q; P
5 Test methods
( {$ N% C# g  C! f3 {; GReplace the second paragraph of clause 5.14 (impact test for toys that cover the face) with the following:- ?' Z# g% A  K" N& s
Drop a steel ball of diameter (16 ± 0,15) mm and mass of (16,9 ± 0,7) g from a height of (130 ± 0,5) cm onto2 J- J; |# E+ u+ Q7 t7 |8 b
the horizontal upper surface of the toy in the area that would cover the eyes in normal use.5 }& l0 T2 h  ~3 X6 w- C% B4 ]
Add the following new note to clause 5.24.1 (reasonably foreseeable abuse tests, general)9 }+ ]% p# G1 C# f1 M$ e9 W
NOTE: The tests according to clause 4.30.2 are carried out in the order specified in the clause, on a toy or2 s" U# J% i# t: ^" U; Y0 U8 |
part of a toy that has not been previously tested according to this clause.& A/ B! b% f1 t% o3 t+ k
Add the following test methods:- T1 y$ z5 w* T1 w
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7#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:53 | 只看该作者
5.31 Tension test for magnets2 l  X" O/ k3 x# b) w
See 4.30.2 c).6 ]6 @' G3 L- S- D$ ^& W! b
5.31.1 Principle9 f0 ]/ m4 F6 t! G* Z& R( k2 V
These tests simulate the intended or reasonably foreseeable play pattern. It is recognized that toys may
# }5 Q0 l( `# H  Ucontain a single magnet or a combination of magnets, magnetic components and/or metal mating parts and
& V  H3 K# _8 j' |: ~the tests are designed to simulate a reasonably foreseeable play pattern using these components to attach& E# w% u. u5 G" B: o3 b
and detach the magnetic parts.& a- @2 ]; a! j( Y2 r: i
For toys that contain more than one magnet/ magnetic component, the test specified in 5.31.2 (toys with1 f% y0 K4 |2 E) g& l
magnet(s) or magnetic component(s)) shall be carried out unless it is not possible to perform the test without
7 d: Z9 c7 I# Z2 p* X3 M- `damaging the toy. In the latter case, the test shall be carried out using the reference disk, as described in
: ^, m7 J+ F3 p0 }% g0 Y8 P* T/ _8 e0 P5.31.4 (toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component).* n) c( s2 x; W  E: F
NOTE: An example of a case where it is not possible to perform the test in 5.31.2 with magnet(s) or magnetic/ N: F9 ?, f6 o; |! r5 @+ U
component(s) without damaging the toy, is a toy figurine with one accessible but non-graspable magnet in each foot.
) S3 s2 x# _. R: G9 o+ \! S, bToys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component shall be tested according to 5.31.3 (toys! R+ B  y2 r* d
that contain one magnet only and a mating metal part).! v  k+ |. \& ?
Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component, shall be tested according to 5.31.4 (toys- C3 F- {+ ~( Z0 W: }1 F- G& d
that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component), since this simulates a play pattern where the* m; j# W* S! U! V& H1 v4 g
toy is attached and detached to a surface that is not delivered with the toy.
' [, T1 d+ i4 M6 Y- X  O* D! U/ h5.31.2 Toys with magnet(s) or magnetic component(s)" `% C0 K/ A- O
Identify the magnet or magnetic component in the toy that is most likely to be able to detach. The identified
/ I% r- c8 B1 @' q( {magnet or magnetic component shall be subjected to the tension test for magnets.' d. H* b4 T: T  u* d$ ]% f
If it is not possible to determine which magnet or magnetic component(s) in the toy is most likely to be able to# ?: q1 F. @" w
detach the magnet under test, it is permissible to repeat the test with another magnet or magnetic component5 t% {# u/ \7 Q& B1 J
from the toy.
& D) t9 c; _" F  R! cWithout damaging the toy, place the magnet or magnetic component in the orientation of attraction, as close2 n9 R% m- R# y  ~: O7 G  I  Q
as possible, making contact if possible, to the magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the+ [  `0 n  {  t0 i! A. I
magnet/magnetic component until it separates from the magnet under test. Perform the test 10 times or until) N5 x5 l0 @7 b0 o( D! Z
the magnet under test is detached from the toy, whichever occurs first.
) g: Q; a3 G% q! A8 gRepeat the procedure for any other magnet that in accordance with 4.31.2 (toys other than magnetic/electrical
7 Y6 a* p1 Z$ y; Kexperimental sets intended for children over 8 years) shall be subjected to the tension test for magnets.
( B: x! m$ h! a; L6 _5 J* s3 }5.31.3 Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component
" \* p9 s3 R* s, _) ^Without damaging the toy, place the metal components as close as possible, making contact if possible, to the9 n& q, B3 `3 n- [0 |8 Z& W8 w" t
magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the metal component until it separates from the
9 Z" ]/ a3 M+ Lmagnet under test. Perform the test 10 times or until the magnet under test is detached from the toy,
& L  \' Q% r/ c$ l/ K3 Swhichever occurs first.
  C. A; \8 E! H; }5.31.4 Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component: k$ R$ f1 S9 E' _: [0 x
5.31.4.1 Apparatus
- m. W- g& b( G; h( C, WNickel disc with a minimum nickel content of 99 %, and having the following dimensions:; R% {  U2 u& K- ~$ i. G5 l
- diameter: (30 ± 0.5) mm
4 n3 ~$ y* ^' x& x% V* i' U3 J- U- thickness: (10 ± 0.5) mm
8#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:53 | 只看该作者
5.31.4.2 Procedure
/ l- V' J( \6 y% z) NWithout damaging the toy, place the flat part of the disc as close as possible, making contact if possible, to the: C0 x' p5 k: [/ J9 @  A
magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the disc until it separates from the magnet under test.
, O( P5 v, t" b* R" q  JPerform the test 10 times or until the magnet under test is detached from the toy, whichever occurs first.
, u  `% o" ^6 p9 x( i  I5.32 Magnetic flux index
+ f9 O5 n5 o4 h. @7 z2 \' ASee 4.30.1, 4.31.2 a) and c).
" ]! q# m; g; u* u5.32.1 Principle' P7 c7 n8 m0 U' M
The magnetic flux index is calculated based on the results from measurements of the flux density and the pole8 d- U) Q) [; {
surface area.
6 L9 R3 y$ Y  V5.32.2 Apparatus
7 B/ \9 h% B: u' p8 Y$ b5.32.2.1 Direct current field Gauss meter, capable of determining the field to an accuracy of 5 G.6 X7 d5 V3 m2 E
The meter shall have an axial type probe with
! T1 ]$ |" |% b5 Z- an active area diameter of (0,76 ± 0,13) mm
  @7 a( V0 M% ^7 L' i8 I2 p- a distance between the active area and probe tip of (0,38 ± 0,13) mm
9 C3 [1 m3 l/ b. W# g5.32.2.2 Calliper, or similar device with an accuracy of 0,1 mm.6 d: T5 x9 l( i* M' ~9 o0 L; P
5.32.3 Procedure
% P4 y! |* l. ~# w5.32.3.1 Measurement of flux density
+ D  v3 t+ C6 d2 @1 @& {: WIdentify the surface of the magnet that is the pole.
+ g2 o! P, \; J. S& y; l$ YPlace the tip of the Gauss meter probe in contact with the pole surface of the magnet. For a magnetic0 ?( u6 F4 J/ F. w- p; d
component (where the magnet is fully or partially imbedded in part of the toy), place the tip of the probe in
7 ^# v* I+ G" S$ fcontact with the surface of the component.  a' O% e3 v! y: g
Maintain the probe in a position perpendicular to the surface.
: X  w, R  a5 qMove the probe across the surface to locate the maximum absolute value of the flux density. Record the
& H+ K  M) f1 G  g8 l# bmaximum absolute value of the flux density.
7 p  {3 A2 k/ {1 X8 eNOTE Since the meter can read both negative and positive values, the absolute value is used for calculations.
) i$ C  z9 c& ~( z" r7 w5.32.3.2 Measurement and calculation of the pole surface area% C/ Q; \* x0 S) `& _
If the magnet is imbedded/attached as part of a magnetic component, extract the magnet from the component,4 K0 f+ i( @4 B; c( p. V( @
even if it is necessary to break the toy.
# J& k' I0 P* ?+ @" LIf the pole surface of the magnet is flat, measure the dimensions with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and calculate) h% o8 V4 }" e% Y+ u; d: d
the area using the appropriate geometric formula.
2 c3 A3 E6 ]- J# q3 XIf the pole is not flat, (for example hemispherical) measure the maximum diameter of the magnet6 G, k3 C2 z. M) h1 z2 n  q, z
perpendicular to an axis through the magnetic poles (see Figure XX), with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and
7 ]' c, ^( m$ m: ?% }* rcalculate the area of the corresponding cross section. For multi-pole magnets, measure and calculate the5 M! P0 ]7 y) X; g0 k
area of the largest single pole, which can be identified using magnetic field viewing film or equivalent.
9#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:54 | 只看该作者
NOTE An example of a multi-pole magnet is a rubberized/plastoferrite magnet, consisting of multiple strips or poles.
" m6 n  a/ T3 IFigure XX – Maximum diameter of magnet with a non-flat pole# N. a, G( Q  a* J6 U
Key* m0 `& s6 F  O! [+ m% p
1 maximum cross-section perpendicular to the axis
' t# D7 ^' J- L+ n$ P0 F7 }4 x4 z4 n2 axis through the magnet poles; z# J# {; M0 ]/ n2 [
5.32.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index
( Y: J& C8 z  @! `* [, SThe flux index (kG2mm2) is calculated by multiplying the calculated area of the pole surface (mm2) of the/ c" |, d% q  {$ |2 x5 T
magnet by the square of the maximum flux density (kG2).7 j  S4 i/ \, b
5.33 Cycling6 O6 f6 ]+ l) p: u) A: W, ?. q
See 4.32.2 c).
. O  ^. S6 o8 }- `5 ?* uTen cycles as described below, shall be performed on the as-received magnet(s) or magnetic component(s).2 E3 h" I# W3 b+ [1 S% o& }+ Q9 R, r
The magnet or magnetic component shall be brought together to a distance that initiates magnetic attraction,- B2 s5 W' V4 i/ J2 {
be released, and then pulled apart to the distance where magnetic attraction ceases. Each attachment and  F4 D8 N8 Q3 }  \7 T
detachment shall count as one cycle. If no other magnets or magnetic components are provided with the toy,1 L6 E3 r) R0 U, y4 x1 s  b3 y
the mating metal part or surface, according to the toy’s intended play pattern, shall be used for cycling
/ `: K" W. O* d! Y' H$ Xpurposes. If no other metal parts or surfaces are provided with the toy, the apparatus described in 5.31.4 shall( Y: O/ P  W  m. g: n2 `
be used for cycling purposes.
) r" B9 I* V/ B* ?/ h3 l5.34 Impact test for magnets
* Y) z9 @+ f( Z; b: ZSee 4.32.2 c).
+ y9 J! u/ c( E) a( X; g8 HPlace the relevant component of the toy in the most onerous position on a plane horizontal steel surface and
# V% M: v5 E. r# w1 i; @+ q# f6 ?drop a metallic weight with a mass of (1 ± 0,02) kg, distributed over a diameter of (80 ± 2) mm, through a7 u* B+ z' O7 K
distance of (100 ± 2) mm onto the toy.1 `3 R' w( q- r1 _6 ?
Determine whether any liberated magnets or magnetic components fit entirely in the cylinder when tested in
* J0 z) z' j0 y, }accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).- l4 _1 B: ]5 F6 ?2 s- R. ]) j
5.35 Soaking test for magnets
6 }2 z2 `& y8 ?See 4.30.2 b).
  r; b- c4 U* m6 v9 WSubmerge the toy or toy component completely in a container of demineralised water at a temperature of (20
/ ]+ e6 U& i6 \8 S2 m± 5) °C for 4 min. Remove the toy, shake off the excess water and keep the toy at room temperature for 10* s9 h" Q6 b$ N
min.  {4 P" t' s3 ]* w/ X
--`,`,``,,`,```,```,,````,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
10#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-12 08:54 | 只看该作者
Perform the soaking test for a total of four cycles.
# O) X; `: G, AImmediately after the last cycle, determine whether any liberated magnets or magnetic components fit entirely
! @' o$ c, y# G8 oin the cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (small parts test).+ o3 b0 W6 v0 E$ d
Annex B Labelling
7 j/ @; [. X6 p8 x7 w7 jAdd the following clause:. U) b) G: t2 I: n3 E, Q& Y8 T+ r* C9 j
B.2.21 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets for children over 8 years
; I; [4 Q4 Y3 O8 M, o2 C) E/ MSee 4.30.1 and E.44)& ^# l. p) S8 H. g; T: V: m
The packaging and the instructions for use of magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children 8
  s. B3 Q" H, o& S; p% o( p2 ?& K- hyears of age or older shall carry a statement comparable or similar to the following.' y- N- q$ y2 l, Q8 U2 o3 o
“WARNING! Not suitable for children under 8 years. This product contains (a) small magnet(s).0 _, J) s6 n3 P" j- Y) L( ?
Swallowed magnets can stick together across intestines causing serious infections and death. Seek' t4 U) F. A" r# S
immediate medical attention if magnet(s) are swallowed or inhaled.”* z/ N9 _$ s# B, n2 Z! `! P
Annex E Rationale; [6 D9 S, O$ Q1 ~
Add the following clause:+ q4 j9 {7 J: l
E.44 Magnets
9 w# }) `4 I0 a* y7 b% i8 x+ KSee 4.30.
% B' C! B. P, f8 CThese requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with ingestion of strong magnets (e.g.
) k, r" ~% m3 y/ r% ~% tneodymium iron boron type magnets (“NIB”)), that are capable of causing intestinal perforation or blockage.
7 @$ f" I5 E) o& SThese hazards are additional to those associated with small parts such as suffocation or asphyxiation (see8 Y0 S6 v8 _$ Z1 {; \
E.6). These requirements apply regardless of the age of the intended user.
3 ~# _4 K; e) M2 X$ VMagnets found by children can be ingested. If more than one magnet, or one magnet and a ferromagnetic! u# N2 I0 J0 Y: x! s
object (for example an iron or nickel object) is ingested, the objects can attract each other across intestinal9 h- a4 |7 I: C9 V1 ?
walls and cause perforation or blockage, which can cause severe injuries that may be fatal.% w0 s: s+ Y) R7 E" v8 Y) U: h
Multiple incidents, including at least one fatality, have been reported involving ingestion of magnets resulting* m  q2 M2 i2 I4 h2 c* I& b# ]
in perforation or blockage of the intestines. These incidents have involved children younger and older than 30 N/ k9 V. x9 o+ H2 X% S2 D
years of age. Medical signs associated with intestinal perforation or blockage can easily be misinterpreted3 r6 G0 b+ v1 i/ Q- w# X0 q
since many children exhibit only flu-like symptoms. Such misinterpretations have caused delays in the medical' o& {; k0 t& y" f
treatment and led to serious consequences for children.
! q! t9 q% G9 f- ?* oFor the purpose of this standard, magnets or magnetic components that could be ingested are identified using
" Y; u. n# D/ R  tthe small parts cylinder. The small parts cylinder was originally designed to identify small parts in toys
3 b6 `% e6 o7 E) v, ?1 p# ointended for children under 3 years of age, which are capable of causing suffocation or asphyxiation. It was' O: _$ `8 y, _
not designed for identifying objects that can be ingested by older children. The decision to use the small parts- T4 q; A. T% o/ n0 p
cylinder also for assessment of magnets or magnetic components that can be ingested was made for practical; S# E$ b; Z* n0 q  i3 F! ~1 v
reasons: The cylinder is a well known test template and it provides a safety margin since the magnets and. n0 Z1 |) x; q% p9 I5 \, i9 U
magnetic components that have been involved in incidents all fit into the cylinder with a large margin. This* ~9 E* Z! B% \- \9 {6 C# u! T
same principle has been applied in the requirements for expanding materials.
% Z: ~+ P% b, L6 \2 Q# |The risk of magnets attracting each other across intestinal walls is a function of magnet strength. A limit value! f; x0 s4 |- C
in the form of a magnetic flux index has been introduced to define what a sufficiently weak magnet is. Analysis2 k+ J7 x: V* L1 F
of the data indicates that only the small, powerful NIB type magnets have been involved in the known
2 o/ x# X( |# K+ ?incidents. Further analysis has determined that magnets with a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5
# j6 I7 y# Z  H8 k  k8 |/ Z0 R--`,`,``,,`,```,```,,````,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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