“全球青年就业趋势”给受挫的青年工作者敲响了警钟
ILO economist Steve Kapsos said this scarred generation of young workers continues to grow.国际劳工组织的经济学家Steve Kapsos说，“受挫”的青年工作者队伍将继续壮大。
"If you look globally at the number of unemployed youth around the world (it) has increased dramatically as a result of the global economic crisis. We estimate that there's about 4.6 million more unemployed youth today than in 2007," he said.
他说：“如果你放眼全球，看看全世界待业青年的人数，你会发现这个数字随着全球经济危机的爆发而剧增。 据估计，现在待业青年的人数与2007年相比多了四百六十万。”
And they face short and long term challenges.
而且他们面临着短期或者长期的各种挑战。
"Young job seekers are having to queue, wait, longer periods of time, before securing their first employment opportunity. The wages that they receive when they enter the labor market are lower than they otherwise would have been. And this really sets them off on a lower trajectory in terms of their employment and their careers," he said.
他说：“一些年轻的求职者们还不得不排队等候，等上更长的一段时间，才能得到他们第一个工作机会。 当他们进入劳动市场时，所得到的薪水比在其他地方还少。 这确实使得他们的工作和职业生涯掉进了一个水平较低的发展路线。”
Not all young unemployed or under employed are alike. Kapsos says there a difference between those in developed and developing nations.
并不是所有待业或者在业青年的情况都是一样的。 Kapsos说，这些情况在发达国家和发展中国家之间是不一样的。
"In developed economies, the challenge is really one of generating employment, lowering unemployment rates. In developing regions, it's really the quality of employment, the productivity of employment where we see large numbers of young people living below the poverty line," he said.
他说：“发达国家所面临的挑战就是创造就业机会和降低失业率。 而发展中国家和地区所面临的挑战是就业的质量和生产力，因为我们发现很多的年轻人的生活都在贫困线以下。”
In sub-Saharan Africa, economic conditions differ from many other developing regions. That's because it has fared a bit better during the recession.
在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区，经济情况与其他的发展中地区不一样。 因为这里的经济情况在经济萧条时期反而要好一点。
Kapsos said, "If you look at the unemployment rate in the sub-Saharan African region, our estimates show very little change during the global economic crisis. It's really not an issue of unemployment in the region. It's one of low productivity employment. We estimate in the countries for which we have data, about a quarter of young people around the world in developing countries are among the working poor. They're working, but they're living below the $1.25 poverty line. The figures in many sub-Saharan African countries are much higher than that."
Kapsos说：“如果你了解撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区的失业率，我们的估计在全球经济危机中几乎没有什么变化。 因为，这个地区根本不存在失业的问题， 而是生产力太低的问题。 通过我们掌握的数据来看，我们估计全世界所有的发展中国家里面大约有四分之一的年轻人都是贫困的劳动者。 他们有工作，但是他们生活标准还低于1.25美元的贫困线。 贫困劳动人口的数字在很多撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲国家比其他国家的更高。”
Also, sub-Saharan African countries have had faster growth rates in recent years than many other regions. Kapsos says while that offers some hope for young workers, there are still some underlying problems.
另外，近年来撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲国家经济增长率比其他许多地区更快。 Kapsos认为这给年轻的劳动者们带来了希望，虽然仍然有一些潜在的问题存在着。
"If you look at the sources of growth, a lot of it is commodities based. A lot of it is the extractives industry. And those are very capital intensive. They're not labor intensive. So, there is a real challenge in terms of generating employment in the formal sector, formal wage employment, that can really lift people out of poverty," he said.
他说：“如果你去了解他们经济增长的原因，你会发现很大程度上是因为商品的出口。 很多增长都是由较为先进的产业所带动的。 而且这些产业是资本密集型的 而不是劳动密集型的。 因此，真正的挑战在于创造就业机会使人们在正式的部门工作，领取合适的工资，以至于能够走出贫困。”
The ILO economist said a big reason for the high youth unemployment rate in the world is a skills mismatch. Young workers don't have the skills needed for the jobs that are available.
国际劳工组织说，世界上年轻人高失业率的一个重要原因在于技能不匹配。 年轻的工作者们一般都不具备与他们所得到的工作相匹配的技能。
Kapsos said education is one solution and improvements in education have occurred. But he says there are often wide education and skill gaps between men and women in developing countries.
Kapsos说，教育是一个解决办法，而且现在的教育已经有所改变了。 但是他认为，在很多发展中国家对于男性和女性的教育和技能培训还是有很大的悬殊。
Will things improve for young people when the global recession finally ends? Kapsos said not right away because labor markets typically lag behind the overall economic recovery.
当这次经济萧条最终结束之后，年轻人的就业状况会有所改善吗？ Kapsos认为，不会立刻就得到改善，因为劳动市场的改善通常会滞后于整体的经济复苏。
"When we're talking about youth, it's even worse than adults in terms of a delayed labor market recovery. Young people are often the first to be let go in an economic downtown, and they're often the last ones to get back into the labor market and to secure employment when things pick up," he said.
他说：“由于劳动市场的复苏比较缓慢，使得年轻人的情况比成年人还会糟一些。 在经济萧条的时候，年轻人通常是首先被裁员的对象，而当情况好转之后，他们却又是最后被重新雇用的人。”
The International Labor Organization findings can be found in its new report Global Employment Trends for Youth: 2011 Update.
在2011年更新的“全球青年就业趋势”报告中，我们可以了解到国际劳工组织的相关调查结果。
The ILO economist said a big reason for the high youth unemployment rate in the world is a skills mismatch. Young workers don't have the skills needed for the jobs that are available.
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