EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 为什么内容不全呢？ 内容不全的话意义不大 PR A8主要内容EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)
2
Contents Page
Foreword.............................................................................................................................................................3
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................4
4.23 Magnets (see A.51) ...............................................................................................................................4
4.23.1 General...................................................................................................................................................4
4.23.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets.....................................................................4
4.23.3 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets .................................................................................................4
7.20 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets (see 4.23 and A.51) ...............................................................5
8.34 Tension test for magnets (see A.51)....................................................................................................5
8.34.1 Principle.................................................................................................................................................5
8.34.2 Toys that contain more than one magnet or magnetic component .................................................5
8.34.3 Toys that contain one magnet only .....................................................................................................5
8.35 Magnetic flux index...............................................................................................................................6
8.35.1 Principle.................................................................................................................................................6
8.35.2 Apparatus ..............................................................................................................................................6
8.35.3 Procedure ..............................................................................................................................................6
8.35.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index ......................................................................................................6
A.51 Magnets (see 4.23)................................................................................................................................7
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 52 “Safety of
toys”, the secretariat of which is held by DS.
This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)
4
3 Terms and definitions
Add new definitions:
3.xx
magnetic component
any part of a toy which contains an attached or fully or partially enclosed magnet
3.yy
magnetic/electrical experimental set
toy containing one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational experiments involving magnetism
and electricity
NOTE - This definition does not include magnetic/electrical experimental sets in which all magnets have a magnetic flux
index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or do not fit entirely in the
cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder)
3.zz
functional magnet in electrical or electronic components of toys
any magnet necessary for the function of motors, relays, speakers and other electrical or electronic
components in a toy where the magnetic properties are not part of the play pattern of the toy
Add new clauses:
4.23 Magnets (see A.51)
4.23.1 General
The requirements in 4.23.2 do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys.
4.23.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets
a) Any loose as-received magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) shall either have a magnetic flux index
less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit
entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).
b) Any magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) that become(s) released from a toy when tested
according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.4.2.2 (tension test, seams and
materials), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test), 8.8 (compression test), and finally, for magnets that are
accessible but not grippable (as specified in 8.4.1.3), 8.34 (tension test for magnets), shall either have
a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux
index), or shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).
NOTE – An example of a magnet that is accessible but not grippable could be a magnet that is recessed.
c) Wooden toys, toys intended to be used in water, and mouth-actuated toys shall be tested according to
8.9 (soaking test) before being tested according to 4.23.2 b) above.
4.23.3 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets
Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years shall carry a warning (see 7.20).
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)
Add a new clause:
7.20 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets (see 4.23 and A.51)
The packaging and the instructions for use of magnetic/electrical experimental sets shall carry the following
warning:
“WARNING! Not suitable for children under 8 years. This product contains (a) small magnets(s).
Swallowed magnets can stick together across intestines causing serious injuries. Seek immediate
medical attention if magnet(s) are swallowed”.
Add new clauses:
8.34 Tension test for magnets (see A.51)
8.34.1 Principle
Either a magnet or a magnetic component, or a reference disc, is used in order to test whether an accessible
but not grippable magnet in the toy can be detached by a magnetic pulling force.
The test shall simulate the intended or a reasonably foreseeable play pattern.
8.34.2 Toys that contain more than one magnet or magnetic component
Identify the magnet or magnetic component in the toy that is most likely to be able to detach the magnet that is
to be subjected to the tension test.
Without damaging the toy, place the magnet or magnetic component as close as possible to the magnet to be
tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the magnet/magnetic component until it separates from the tested
magnet or until the magnet is detached from the toy. Perform the test 10 times.
Repeat the procedure for any other magnet that according to 4.23.2 shall be subjected to the tension test for
magnets.
NOTE – If it is not possible to determine which magnet or magnetic component(s) in the toy that is most likely to be able to
detach the magnet that is to be subjected to the test, it is permissible to repeat the test with another magnet or magnetic
component from the toy.
8.34.3 Toys that contain one magnet only
8.34.3.1 Apparatus
A nickel disc with a minimum nickel content of 99 %, and having the following minimum dimensions:
- diameter (30 ± 0,5) mm
- length (10 ± 0,5) mm
and having a surface roughness Ra according to EN ISO 4287 which is not greater than 0,40 μm.
8.34.3.2 Procedure
Without damaging the toy, place the flat part of the nickel disc as close as possible to the magnet to be tested.
Gradually apply a pulling force to the disc until it separates from the magnet or until the magnet is detached
from the toy. Perform the test 10 times.
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)
6
8.35 Magnetic flux index
8.35.1 Principle
The magnetic flux index is calculated based on the results from measurements of the flux density and the pole
surface area.
8.35.2 Apparatus
8.35.2.1 Direct current field Gauss meter which is capable of determining the field to an accuracy of 5 G.
The meter shall have an axial type probe with
- an active area diameter of (0,76 ± 0,13) mm
- a distance between the active area and probe tip of (0,38 ± 0,13) mm.
8.35.2.2 Calliper square or similar device capable of determining dimensions to an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
8.35.3 Procedure
8.35.3.1 Measurement of flux density
Place the tip of the Gauss meter’s probe in contact with the pole surface of the magnet. For a magnetic
component (where the magnet is fully or partially imbedded in part of the toy), place the tip of the probe in
contact with the surface of the component.
Maintain the probe in a position perpendicular to the surface.
Move the probe across the surface to locate the maximum flux density.
Record the maximum flux density with an accuracy of ± 5 G.
8.35.3.2 Measurement and calculation of the pole surface area
If the magnet is imbedded/attached as part of a magnetic component, extract the magnet from the component
even if it is necessary to break the toy.
If the pole is not flat (for example, hemispherical), measure the maximum diameter of the magnet
perpendicular to an axis through the magnet poles (see Figure xx), with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and
calculate the area of the corresponding cross-section.
If the pole surface of the magnet is flat, measure the dimensions with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and calculate
the area using the appropriate geometric formula.
For multi-pole magnets measure and calculate the area of the largest single pole, which can be identified
using magnetic field viewing film or equivalent.
NOTE – An example of multi-pole magnet is a rubberized/plastoferrite magnet, consisting of multiple strips of
poles.
8.35.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index
The flux index (kG2
mm2) is calculated by multiplying the calculated area of the pole surface (mm2) of the
magnet by the square of the maximum flux density (kG2).
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)
Key
1 Maximum cross-section perpendicular to the axis
2 Axis through the magnet poles
Figure xx – Maximum diameter of magnet with a non-flat pole
Add new clause in Annex A
A.51 Magnets (see 4.23)
These requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with ingestion of strong magnets (e.g.
neodymium iron boron type magnets), that are capable of causing intestinal perforation or blockage. These
hazards are additional to those associated with small parts such as suffocation or asphyxiation (see A.26).
The requirements apply regardless of the intended age of the user.
Magnets found by children can be ingested. If more than one magnet, or one magnet and a ferromagnetic
object (for example iron or nickel) is ingested, the objects can attract to each other across intestinal walls and
cause perforation or blockage, which can cause severe injuries that may be fatal.
Several accidents, including one fatality, have been reported involving ingestion of magnets resulting in
perforation or blockage of the intestines. Most accidents have occurred with children between the ages of 10
months and 8 years. The majority of the accidents involve strong magnets used in magnetic building sets and
in several cases surgery was required to remove the magnets from children’s intestines. Medical signs
associated with intestinal perforation or blockage can easily be misinterpreted since many children exhibit only
flu-like symptoms.
For the purpose of this standard, magnets or magnetic components that could be ingested are identified by
using the small parts cylinder. The small parts cylinder was originally designed for identification of small parts
in toys intended for children under 3 years, which are capable of causing suffocation or asphyxiation. It was
not designed for identifying objects that can be ingested by older children. The decision to use the small parts
cylinder also for assessment of magnets or magnetic components that can be ingested was made for practical
and precautionary reasons: The cylinder is a well known test template and it provides a safety margin since
the magnets and magnetic components that have caused accidents all fit entirely in the cylinder with a large
margin. The same principle has been applied in the requirements for expanding material.
The risk of magnets attracting each other across intestinal walls is reduced with decreasing magnet strength.
A limit value in the form of a magnetic flux index has therefore been introduced to define what a sufficiently
weak magnet is. Accident data indicate that only powerful magnets have been involved in all known ingestion
incidents to date. The data also suggest that magnet ingestion was not a problem in toys until powerful
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)
8
magnets (such as neodymium iron boron magnets) became cost effective and commonplace several years
ago. Ceramic, rubberized, and ferrite magnets have substantially lower attractive forces. A limit value for the
magnetic flux index of 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) is considered appropriate to ensure, with a safety margin, that
powerful magnets of the type that have been involved in incidents will not be permitted for use in toys if they fit
entirely in the small parts cylinder. The one known fatality occurred with a magnet from a magnetic building
set with a flux index of 343 kG2mm2 (3,4 T2mm2). By introducing the flux index limit the risk of injuries with
magnets has been minimised. New data in the future will be used to assess if the chosen requirements are
still appropriate.
More than 80 % of the known accidents have occurred with magnetic building sets. Magnetic building sets are
subject to the requirements in this standard.
Other considerations were taken into account in evaluating the risks associated with ingestion of magnets.
Perforation of intestinal walls can occur if the blood supply to a part of an intestinal wall is cut off, for example
by the pressure exerted by two magnets that are attracted to each other across the walls. According to a
theoretical medical study, a pressure of 0,0016 N/mm2 (12 mmHg) could, in a worst-case situation, cause
such a cut off of the blood supply. Virtually all magnets on the market are capable of producing this level of
pressure.
The probability that two weak magnets (flux index below 50) will be transported through the intestinal system
and end up on opposite sides of the intestinal walls at a position where the intestinal wall is extremely thin is
considered to be very low. It would require not only that the two magnets are ingested on different occasions
but also that the intestinal contents do not prevent the magnets from travelling along the walls and eventually
finding each other on opposite sides of two walls by accident. For strong magnets the situation is different,
since they attract each other over a longer distance with a force than can overcome obstructions presented by
e.g. intestinal contents.
Furthermore, for a correct calculation of the magnetic pressure, both the flux density and the contact area
need to be measured. The formula to calculate magnetic pressure is:
Ac
P Ap ⋅ ⋅
=
α B2
where
P is the pressure
α is a constant
B is the Flux density (in Gauss or Tesla), and
Ap is the pole area of the magnet
Ac is the contact area between the magnet and whatever surface the magnet exerts the pressure on
The contact area between a magnet or a magnetic component and the object to which it is attracted, is often
very difficult to measure accurately due to unevenly shaped magnets or magnetic components.
The flux index, however, can be calculated using the pole area of the magnet and the flux density at the
surface of the magnet or magnetic component. The flux index is therefore presently considered to be the best
available measure for classification of hazardous magnets.
Two or more magnets can attract each other and form a compound magnet with a higher flux index than each
single magnet. The flux index will not double if two equally strong magnets are attracted to each other and the
increase in flux index will be relatively smaller for every new magnet that is added and will depend on
magnetic material, shape, cross-section etc. Ingestion of multiple magnets has only been observed with
stronger magnets and there is no accident data regarding weak magnets close to the flux index limit forming a
(stronger) compound magnet. Therefore no additional test method for compound magnets is introduced.
Toys that contain magnets and which can be expected to become wet during normal and foreseeable use are
subjected to a soaking test to ensure that glued magnets do not detach when the toy is wet. Also wooden toys
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)
are subjected to the test since the properties of wood (such as size of holes) can change even with changes in
air humidity.
In some cases magnets are recessed and can therefore not be subjected to the normal tension and torque
test. Examples of toys have been found where a magnet has become detached by another magnet. A tension
test for magnets has therefore been introduced to minimize the risk that such magnets become detached
during normal and foreseeable play.
Functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys are not considered to present the same risk
as magnets that form part of the play pattern. The use of magnets in these components may not be
recognized, as they will be present inside electrical motors or in relays in electronic printing boards. None of
the reported accidents has been linked to magnets released from electrical or electronic components
Magnetic/electrical experimental sets that are not intended for children under 8 years are excluded from the
requirements provided that they carry a warning. The exception applies only to the more advanced
experimental sets that include building of electrical motors, loudspeakers, doorbells etc., i.e. products that
need both magnetism and electricity for their function. 是啊有没有PDF格式的标准呀？共享下咯~ 要好好看看又有什么新名堂 什么新名堂？？？？？？？？ 请问最新的版本什么时候发布呢？
页:
[1]
